Soroprevalência de anticorpos para o Vírus da Leucose Enzoótica em bovinos criados na região metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná / Seroprevalence for Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) in dairy cattle of Curitiba and the surrounding area, Paraná, Brazil

A Leucose Enzoótica Bovina (LEB) é uma doença infecto-contagiosa causada pelo Vírus da Leucemia Bovina (VLB), um retrovírus oncogênico da família Retroviridae. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a soroprevalência e a respectiva influência de fatores etários da LEB em bovinos leiteiros das raças Holandesa Preta e Branca, Jersey, Pardo-Suíço e mestiços, criados na região metropolitana de Curitiba, PR. Foram testadas 268 amostras de soros sanguíneos pela prova de Imunodifusão em gel de Agar (IDGA), colhidas em cinco propriedades situadas nos municípios de São José dos Pinhais, Campina Grande do Sul, Pinhais e Fazenda Rio Grande. Foram encontrados 151/268 (56,34%) animais positivos e 117/268 (43,66%) negativos. Animais mais velhos mostraram um aumento estatisticamente significativo de soropositividade. Pode-se concluir que a LEB está amplamente disseminada em bovinos leiteiros da região metropolitana de Curitiba e há necessidade de adequada aplicação de medidas de controle e prevenção da LEB.

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is aninfectious and contagious disease caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), an oncogenic retrovirus of the family Retroviridae. The present study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and respective age influence of BLV in Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss and mixed-breed dairy cattle raised in Curitiba and the surrounding area, Paraná, Brazil. A total of 268 samples of bovine serum from five different herds in the counties of São José dos Pinhais, Campina Grande do Sul, Pinhais and Fazenda Rio Grande were tested with immunodiffusion (ID). A total of 151/268 (56.34%) testedseropositive, while 117/268 (43.66%) were considered seronegative. Older animals prsented a significant rise in seropositivity. In conclusion, BLV is widely distributed among dairy cattle of Curitiba and the surrounding area, present in all tested herds, thus requiring adequate application of measures in EBL control and prevention.

Toward a biochemical classification of depressive disorders, V: Heterogeneity of unipolar depressions.

The authors found that the mean urinary level of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) was significantly lower in 20 patients with bipolar manic-depressive or schizoaffective depressions than in either 50 patients with unipolar depressions or 26 age- and sex-matched control subjects. In contrast, the mean MHPG levels in the total group of patients with unipolar depressions and in any subgroup defined by Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) were not significantly different from control values. However, examination of the distribution of urinary MHPG levels in patients with unipolar depressions in relation to other recent findings by the authors' collaborative research group suggested the existence of at least three biochemical subtypes of unipolar depressions that may, in part, be differentiated on the basis of urinary MHPG levels.

Toward a biochemical classification of depressive disorders. III: Pretreatment urinary MHPG levels as predictors of response to treatment with maprotiline.

Pretreatment urinary MHPG levels were examined in 28 depressed patients as a possible predictor of response to treatment with maprotiline, a tetracyclic antidepressant that exerts potent effects on norepinephrine uptake, but has little effect on serotonin uptake. Maprotiline was administered in doses up to 150 mg/day during the first 2 weeks after which time the dose could be increased incrementally up to 300 mg/day if indicated clinically. At 2 weeks, patients with low pretreatment urinary MHPG levels responded more favorably to treatment than did patients with high MHPG levels. At 4 weeks, patients with low MHPG levels continued to show more favorable responses; however, differences between the two groups were less clear-cut than at 2 weeks. The findings suggest the patients with low pretreatment urinary MHPG levels are more sensitive to, and respond more rapidly to, treatment with maprotiline than patients with high pretreatment urinary MHPG levels.

Catecholamine measures for diagnosis and treatment of patients with depressive disorders.

Measurement of the catecholamine's, norepinephrine, epinephrine, metanephrine, normetanephrine, vanilmandelic acid, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-glycol (MHPG) show certain statistical correlations with three clinical diagnoses. These conditions are as follows: 1) bipolar and schizo-affective depression, 2) unipolar nonendogenous depressions, and 3) schizophrenia related depressions. More specifically MHPG acts to predict which patients will require higher doses of medication, higher plasma levels, and longer treatment periods to respond to treatment.